General introduction to Democracy
Democracy
Concept
The term ‘Democracy’ is taken from the
Greek word “Demos” and ‘Cratios”. “Demos” means the people and “cratios “means implies
power. So democracy means the rule of the people. It is the government of the
people, by the people for the people.
Democracy is
generally used as a form of government in which the superior governing power is
entrusted to the people or the community as a whole. It is the government which
is ruled by the people by people by themselves either directly or indirectly
through their representatives. This is the government which is existing for the
welfare of the people. Democracy is a way of life which is based on universal
adult franchise, Multiplicity of the political party civil liberty of the
people etc. On the other hand it is the government which exercises the power of
the state according to verdict.
Meaning
of Democracy
According to the
information from cultural history at the ancient time period some society or
states starts the democracy in 2500 years ago. It is necessary to understand
that at the time of (bai diak) the democratic organization got place in India.
The democracy which was established at ancient time gets popular nowadays.
The democracy is not only the government or
authority but this has become the types of state. In real sense democratic
government means the people’s governance. But the great thinker views are not
same about this view. As we know that the word democracy is taken from the
Greek word Demos and “Cratios”. “Demos” means People and “Cratios” means ruling
or Governance. In this way democracy means the people governance. The ruling
power is in people’s hand and they utilize by themselves.
Definitions
of Democracy
The
word democracy had defined by the different writers and experts differently.
Among them some important definition are s below:-
According to Abraham Lincoln,
“Democracy
is a government of the people, by the people and for the people.”
According to Seeley,
“Democracy is
a government in which everyone has a share.”
According to Greeks,
“Democracy
is governed by many peoples.”
But the Aristotle considered as it is a
perverted form of government.
From the
above discussion it is clear that democracy is that form of government or
system in which the people have share who works according to the will of the
people by themselves or by their representatives.
Kinds
of democracy
The
democracy has two types:-
1
Direct democracy (pure)
2
Indirect democracy (Representatives)
1 Direct Democracy (pure)
Direct
democracy is that form of government in which the will of the state is
expressed directly through the people rather through their representatives. It
is a sort of an open year parliament where the people assemble together for the
purpose of electing their public officers voting for taxes and to make the laws
and administrative regulation. These types of democracy can be practicable only
in the small size state where the numbers of the people or citizen are simple
whose political problems are few and simple. These types of democracy can exist
or functions where the people can conveniently meet together and share their
ideas and deliberate it together.
But in a large or huge state or in
complex society whose problems are various and population are too large is
impracticable.
The direct
democracy now assumed the form of the referendum and the popular initiative.
The only surviving of the direct democracy is four 4 mountains continent of
Sweztland, Appenzel, Uri, Glarus and Unteenwallen.
2 Indirect Democracy
(Representatives)
The indirect
democracy is other hand is that form of government in which the will of state
or the people is expressed by the representatives electative, in the
parliament. It is so called because the governing power it’s delicate and
selected body of the person by the rest. The representatives organize the executive
to govern. The parliament whose member are elected by the people, perform their
legislative function and supervise the work of government.
As J.S Mill has defined it as that form of
government in which
“The whole pupil or some numerous portions
of them exercises the governing power through the deputies periodically elected
by them.”
In this types of democracy the ultimate source
of authority remain with government
Necessary
condition for success of Democracy
There are certain requirements for the smooth
functioning of democracy. In the absence of democracy the system could not
function well. The following are necessary conditions for the success of
democracy.
1)
Faith in system
2)
Democracy must be the way of life
3)
Pupil must be ready to discharge their responsibility
4)
Pupil shall possess a high degree of political concisions and intelligence
5)
General agreement among the citizens regarding the fundamental issue
6)
Obey the majority
7)
Education and consciousness
8)
Leadership
9)
Social and economical inequality to be abolished
10)
Written Constitution
Essential
and necessary conditions for success for democracy
1) Faith in the
system
The citizen of the state
must have the faith in the democratic system. For this ruler should have to
request the will of people, which help the people to accept the government
system as their own.
2) Democracy must be the way of
life
The pupils itself possess a
high degree of political intelligence and ability. Public interest and their
welfare and sense of public responsibility also must be there with the people
who are handily the system then only this concept of life will be success.
3) Pupil must be ready to
discharge their responsibility
The people who are
involved in the governing process as well as the rule must be loyal to
discharge their duties. Because democracy is the system by the people to the
people for the people.
4) Pupils shall possess a high
degree of political concisions and intelligence
Pupil must be
politically concisions and intelligence. They must be interested in the affairs
of the state. They should actively participate in the political activities of
their state.
5) General agreements among the
citizens regarding the fundamental issue
Democracies
believe in peace and good will. People must settle their disputes in a peaceful
manner. They should tolerate the definition difference of opinions and conflict
on ideas. Force and violence should be avoided sympathy and mutual understand
should be increases for the smooth functioning.
6) Obey the Majority
Everybody should
obey the majority though they have the right to criticize the wrong functioning
of the government in a democratic state the view of the minorities must be
respected and protected by the majority.
7) Education and consciousness
It is necessary
that the people receive a certain stander of education which will enable them
to contribute their instructed judgment to the common goods. The duties of the
state are therefore to provide free and compulsory education which makes them
consciousness.
8) Leadership
Leadership is the
another essential condition for the success of democracy the leader must be
curious and smooth functioning he must be able to make coordination various or
different groups or community. Therefore
pupil should select best and fiestas person to run the state.
9) Social an economical
inequality to be abolished
The social
inequalities that found in the form of cast, color, community should be
abolished. There must not be any kind of economical inequalities. And the
social and economical liberty and equality should be protected by law of the
state.
10) Written Constitution
Democracy can be
successfully run if there is a written constitution in the state because the
written constitution clearly lay down the principles of governing the state as
well as the limitation of power. If all the organs of government have given the
autonomic and authority of powers. It also protects the right and freedom of
the people.
11) Rule of Law
Rule of law is a
most important condition for the success of democracy. The existence of the in depended
and impartial judiciary system can fulfill the principal of law. And the
judiciary must not be in format by the executive branch of the government.
The above mention
conditions are not only essential but compulsory condition for the success of
the government function. In the absent of these elements the democratic system
may fail.
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