Brief introdutction to Political Parties

POLITICAL PARTIES

CONCEPT

The democratic system of the government is known as the best form of government. But democracy can successfully perform its function if the political parties success to perform their duties. So, success of democracy entirely depended on the existence of the well organized party system and it success. Political parties are the foundation of the democratic system. Therefore, if the political parties perform its function then total infrastructure of the system will fail and change. 

That is the reason why the political parties are called vanguard of the system.

DEFINITIONS

 A political party may be defined as group of persons united for certain common group interest and who try to control the machinery of the government political parties is an organization.

 The following are the some important definitions which are revolved around above concept.

According to Schulze, “An organization presents durable association either of individuals or of distinguishable group of individuals which in diverse to place its members in adoption of favor of policies.”

According to Alan Ball, “Political parties may be principally limited by the common aim they seek political power either single or in common co-operation with other political parties.”

According to Bark, “Political party is a body of man united for promoting by their joint endeavor the public interest upon some principles in which they are agreed.”

FUNCTION AND ROLE OF POLITICAL PARTIES

 The party system is essential to the successful working or functions of representative government. The party system organized the people into the group and provides the stage through which the people can express their opinion on the various issues of public policies. Generally political parties organized the mass and moult their opinion to make the party view effective. So, the political parties play the important role in the machinery of the democratic government which is as follows:-

1) Act as the ‘Broker of Idea’

2) To Take Part in Election

3) Spread the political education and consciousness

4) Try securing a large number of seats to form a government

5) To make the co-ordination between the Legislature and Executive

6) To make close Relationship with Electorate

7) To perform the reformative function

8) To work as a pressure group

1)      Act as the ‘Broker of Idea’

Nowadays the functions of the government are become complex and complicated. General and Ordinary pupil cannot properly understand the fundamental problem of the nation. So, it is the political parties who select the issues which are very urgent and which deal with the greater interest of the nation. Thus, political parties act as a broker idea.

2)      To take part in Election

Political parties organized the election and choose fittest person for election. The political parties constantly clarify and propagate the party’s policies among the voters to win the election.

3)      Spread the political education and consciousness

 Political parties always try enhancing their programs to enlighten the political knowledge. Parties run the seminars and training programs for their uncaterats through which they can spread the political education. Parties arrange the mass meetings, seminars, press statements to make the pupil consciousness about the political issues and the right of the pupil.

4)      Try securing a large number of seats to form a government

 It is the legislature who makes the law for the nations and forms the government. Therefore, another essential functions of political parties, try to secure a maximum

Number of seats to adopt their policies and principles and to form the government to support the policy and privilege.

5)      To make the co-ordination between the legislature and executives

 In the cabinet form of government the political parties establish a close relationship between the executives and legislature, because the member of some party control the governmental machinery as well as the parliament.

6)      To make close relationship with Electorate

The basic duties of the political parties is to make the close relationship with pupil because the voters or the pupils are the main agent to decide to whom it should be given the oppurinity to rule themselves to scent in the opposition.

7)      To work as a pressure group

 The political parties have also had mainly in pressure group. The political parties themselves have to play the role of the pressure group. It is also the parties which have to play the role of opposition. While doing such role they mainly have to play the pressure group to correct the duties or the activities done by the position.

 So, the political parties have to play a large number of activities for the all kinds of development of the nation or the state. They are indispensable for the democracy. We cannot think a parliament system of government in the absence of political parties’ weather in position or opposition.

TYPES OF POLITICLA PARTIES

The following are the political parties

1) One Party System (Union)

2) Two Party System (Bi- Party)

3) Multi Party Systems

1) One Party System

The one party system is that party system were only one party is in the existences. In this system only one party rules over the country. All the authority of the government is concentrated in that single party. No opposite parties exist in this system it has no authority to anybody to give birth the political parties accept the existing one.

 It means in the country where there is only one party system which exercises the all the political activates exercised and other parties are bending to form.

 The communist system of china, Quaba, North Korea and the Narsim in Germany, Fascism of Italy are some of the example of one party system.

 In the democratic state the parties are the constitutional bodies. It means parties are being recognized by the constitution. It even absorbed the authority of the state on its own behalf. The only feature of one party system is that they have the democratic flyover by adopting some democratic ideas and programs found under the democratic auspicious. In this context the panchayat system in the Nepal is one of the examples.

 A single party thus, become a whole and assumed what was called total in character. It actually not abolished parliamentary institutions but it makes them function less. The party in power may or may not be committed to a particular ideology.

Merits and demerits of One Party system

Merits

v  It provides the stable government.

v  The term of the government is generally long.

v  Fruitful in the times of emergency

Demerits

v  Dictatorship

v  No improvement of the weakness made by the government.

v  It is difficult to elect the efficiency representative.

v  No influence of the people.

v  No difference between the state and the society.

v  Abomination of equality and liberty of the citizen

Two Party systems (Bi-Party)

In a State where there is more than one party in the existence is known as two party systems. The USA and UK are the most remarkable system. In UK there are two manorial parties.

Ø  Conservative

Ø  Labour

These are the influencing party beside their influencing party. Two political party use to play decisive role in the process of governing in opposition and other in opposition. In Bi-Party system there exist two parties. Alternatively use to rule over the country and to play the decisive role in the legislature. In this way the authority of this State alternatively revolved around these two political parties like the Republican and Democratic Party are playing decisive role in USA.

The result of the existence of only two Major political parties in such State is the failure of other political parties in the competition like election. In this system there may be number of small parties in existence. But their existence become meaningless because they no difference in the affairs of governments.

Merits and Demerits of Two party system or Bi-party system

Merits

v  The government may not be dictator

v  No possibility to form the coalition government

v  The people may be able to understand the principles of the parties.

v  Two party systems provide the stability.

v  Government can adopt the long term policy and positive measures.

v  The government may take prompt and quick decision.

v  In this system people can directly choose their government.

v  It secured the last best types of representative.

Demerits

v  No alternative to form coalition government

v  Legislative body of government is less effective.

v  The party on power may rule ruthlessly till his majority.

v  It divides the people into two groups.

v  The legislature cannot get proper opportunity to make their own decision.

Mulit-Party System

When there are number of political parties operating in the state is regarded as multi-party system. In mulit-party system the member of the political parties are more or less equally powerful. They may or may not win the majority of seats to the legislature to form the government. if any party fails to win the majority of seats then the result will be saved accursed for the coalition government Nepal, French, Japan India etc are the some country where multi-party system exist.

The parties in the multi-party system are known as the Political Group. Multi-party often encourages further fragmentation. In this system the political activities creates the perpetual fluctuations and disorder. We can found no common party leader who can bind all the leaders into a time to play the game of politics, under this leadership In-disciplinary activities and dirty game of politics.

Merits and Demerits Mulit-party system

Merits

More flexible than any other system.

It represents the all shades of opinions

Free from the cabinet dictatorship

The voters have the wide choice.

Demerits

Irresponsibility because of the coalition pollution

Unstable government due to the adverse political obstacle

It is not possible to adopt progressive measures

It is not possible to take prompt and quick decision.

It may make a confusion to cast their votes to the voters

Weak and fragmented opposition